The EU has ambitious goals for climate and energy security. Its targets and policies may have large macroeconomic ...

A Concluding Statement describes the preliminary findings of IMF staff at the end of an official staff visit (or ‘mission’), in most cases to a member country. Missions are undertaken as part of ...

Keynote Speech by IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva at Japan's Ministry of Finance's "Future of the Global Economy amid a Fluid International Economic and Monetary Order" Symposium ...

Building foreign exchange reserves requires sound policies and takes time, but global efforts to lower the cost of holding ...

We build the first global quarterly narrative database of discretionary government spending actions by applying a fixed GPT–4 ...

This paper studies the macroeconomic consequences of undermining central bank independence through politically motivated ...

South Africa exhibits one of the highest levels of income inequality globally, reflecting persistent spatial exclusion. This ...

This note presents the key updates and revenue development highlights of the 2026 version of the IMF's World Revenue ...

Many highly indebted advanced economies face a grim fiscal outlook. Under current policies, the public debt ratios of ...

But geopolitical fragmentation today augurs a world where rising risks of supply disturbances threaten stagflation pressures ...

Finance ministries must think about digital public infrastructure as they do roads and power grids A government wouldn’t ...

South Africa stands out as having one of the most restrictive business environments among peers. Burdensome government ...