Controls on terrestrial ecosystem processes: an historical perspective -- Species and biotic interactions as ecosystem drivers -- Aboveground-belowground interactions as drivers of ecosystem processes ...

By integrating experimental evidence across freshwater and marine systems, the study emphasizes that algae–microplastic interactions are not uniformly harmful but context-dependent, offering ...

An ecosystem is normally defined as a complex of all living (plants, animals, microorganisms) and non-living (soil, climate) components interacting as a functional unit in a certain area. Each ...

This figure illustrates key mechanisms in the aggregation of nanoplastics (NPs) with natural organic matter (NOMs), including weak interactions, calcium bridging, surface reactivity, and the dynamic ...

An ecosystem is an environment that includes soil, water, air, nutrients, sunlight, climate plus all of the organisms that live in that environment. An ecosystem is about interactions. The organisms ...

Are alpine lakes uniquely sensitive to global change? High-elevation aquatic ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to climate change and other forms of disturbance, yet few long-term records offer ...

Aquatic biology is a subdiscipline of biological sciences focused on the structure, function, and interactions of organisms inhabiting freshwater and marine environments. It examines physiological ...