Covariance measures price correlation between 2 individual assets while variance measures the volatility of an individual stock over time. The formula to calculate beta is as follows: ...

The covariance calculation shows how two stocks move together, which is helpful when building a diversified investment portfolio. Learn how this calculation is used.

Using any cell, enter the formula to calculate upside beta. The formula consists of covariance between the S&P500 and your desired company divided by variance in the S&P500.

Find out what portfolio variance is, the formula to calculate portfolio variance, and how to calculate the variance of a portfolio containing two assets.

In this article we define and illustrate a procedure that obtains numerically stable asymptotic variance-covariance matrices using only the code for computing the complete-data variance-covariance ...