Understanding why ocean water is salty but river water isn’t is a fascinating topic, and one that has intrigued scientists for centuries. The answer lies in a combination of geological and natural ...

Short answer: no, not by enough to make the whole ocean inhospitable. The ocean is salty because the elements that make up salt (mostly sodium and chlorine, but also sulphur, magnesium, calcium and a ...

Elisabeth Sikes (left), with Dale Hubbard of Oregon State University, alongside the large coring block used to collect deep-ocean sediment samples during the research cruise. Climate change has many ...