Energy modulation analysis encompasses a suite of techniques for characterising the dynamic variations of amplitude and frequency in speech and other signals. By applying nonlinear energy operators ...

Optical communication systems form the backbone of modern high-capacity networks, leveraging light propagation in fibres to transmit data over vast distances with minimal loss. Central to their ...

Bacteria employ complex signaling networks for adaptive gene control in changing environments. Bacterial second messenger molecules such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) relay external environmental signals into ...

QIM framework achieved 100 percent clean payload recovery in EEG recordings while quantifying exactly what a receiver needs, ...

QAM is used to achieve greater spectrum efficiency. This is accomplished by utilizing both the amplitude and phase components to modulate, or alter, the waveform. In this scenario, the QAM waveform ...

Single Sideband, or SSB, has been the predominant amateur radio voice mode for many decades now. It has bee traditionally generated by analogue means, generating a double sideband and filtering away ...