Living cells are sustained by countless chemical reactions that must be carefully regulated to maintain internal order and ...

Chemical equilibria in reactive systems underpin many natural and industrial processes, where the interplay between chemical reactions and phase separations yields complex behaviours. In these systems ...

Through consideration of the ionic equilibria of acids and bases, one may readily calculate the formation constant of a salt species solely on the basis of knowledge of the pKA value of the acid and ...

Application Of Law of Mass Action: The law of mass action is one of the major topics taught to Class 11 chemistry students. This topic comes under the Equilibrium chapter of the NCERT Class 11 ...

A hot gas dissociates very quickly, on the order of microseconds. One might think we could neglect the speed of dissociation, then, and model the gas in an equilibrium state. However, many things ...

Computational tools allow material scientists to model and analyze increasingly complicated systems to appreciate material behavior. Accurate use and interpretation however, requires a strong ...

The following example is used in many test libraries for nonlinear programming and was taken originally from Bracken and McCormick (1968). The problem is to determine the composition of a mixture of ...

Equilibrium thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, transport properties, gas laws, and phase equilibria with an emphasis on solution behavior and applications to molecules important in the environmental ...