A defense system that cannot distinguish friend from stranger eventually harms the organization it is supposed to protect.

More than 200 viruses can infect and cause disease in humans; most of us will be infected by several over the course of a lifetime. Does an encounter with one virus influence how your immune system ...

A Science Immunology Review explains how memory B cells acquire diverse molecular, epigenetic, and tissue-specific programs ...

The adaptive immune system of vertebrates represents a major evolutionary innovation that underpins the capacity for antigen-specific recognition, immunological memory and refined regulation of host ...

A unique quality of the immune system is that it can generate a ‘memory’ response. This is generally referred to as ‘immune memory’ because of the body’s ability to remember previously encountered ...

A macrophage that has already fought off one infection does not return to a blank slate. It carries chemical scars, etched into the very structure of its DNA packaging, that change how it responds the ...

A new review by Dr. Ruyuan Wang and an international team of researchers explores the complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, shedding light on regulatory mechanisms in ...

Findings from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital demonstrate that virtual memory T cells, a specialized group of immune cells, provide nonspecific immunity for infants early in life. The work stems ...

Researchers at the University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne have shown in their study that the novel mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines not only induce acquired immune responses such as ...

For decades, dogma dictated that the immune system consisted of two separate branches. Cells of the innate system respond rapidly to molecular patterns shared by a broad array of pathogens. Meanwhile, ...

Researchers at the University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne have determined that the novel mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines not only induce acquired immune responses such as antibody ...